“And so when I say critical race theory, I’m not using it in the sense that it actually should be used, which is to describe a graduate level academic analysis of law and political systems, but this use of it to describe books and materials that offer alternative perspectives on American history that reflect the lives of Black persons and their experience of slavery, their experiences with police violence, and so we’ve seen a rising number of challenges to those books.” “There was an increased number of challenges to books dealing with race and racism that accelerated when we started seeing complaints from organized groups about critical race theory,” she said. She said those bans have ranged from picture books depicting same-sex couples to young adult books talking about gender identities.Ĭaldwell-Stone said, “the one thing that has interrupted this” trend of banning books centered around LGBTQ+ themes comes after the 2020 murder of George Floyd by Minnesota police officer Derek Chauvin. Some of the states with the most aggressive book bans include Texas with 713 bans, Pennsylvania with 456 bans and Florida with 204 bans.ĭeborah Caldwell-Stone, the director of the American Library Association’s Office for Intellectual Freedom, said book bans the last 10 years have dealt “with the lives of LGBTQIA persons, either reflecting their experiences, or talking about issues of concern to the LGBTQIA community.” Ron DeSantis recently signed a bill to allow parents greater opportunity to review, and potentially object to, school library books that they find “inappropriate.”Īnd in Idaho, state House Republicans passed a bill that would allow librarians to be prosecuted for allowing minors to check out material deemed harmful. This year in Arizona, state Republicans put forth a measure that would ban schools from teaching or directing students to study any material that is “sexually explicit.” In Florida, Gov. Ron DeSantis signs legislation increasing parental access to reviewing school materials and library books on March 25, 2022.
A majority of the bans feature books written by authors who are people of color, LGBTQ+, Black and Indigenous, and feature characters from marginalized groups.Īnd now, state Republicans lawmakers are joining the movement, spurred by ultra conservative groups, to ban books from public schools and libraries. In the last nine months, hundreds of books across dozens of states are being banned at an alarming rate. In some Tennessee classrooms, a nonfiction comic book about the atrocities of the Holocaust is banned.Īnd one school district in Wisconsin banned from libraries a picture book about a gay rights activist who was assassinated.
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A Citizen's White Paper on American Policy in Vietnam and Southeast Asia (1965).The Viet-Nam Reader: Articles and Documents on American Foreign Policy and the Viet-Nam Crisis (1965, szerkesztette Bernard B.The Limits of Defense (1962, Arthur Waskow-val).
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